About Lesson
- Nutrient uptake: VAM forms a mutualistic association between plant roots and fungi, where the fungi extend their hyphae (thin thread-like structures) into the soil, increasing the surface area for nutrient absorption. The fungi help the plant to acquire essential nutrients such as phosphorus, nitrogen, zinc, copper, and other minerals from the soil. In return, the plant provides the fungi with carbon compounds produced through photosynthesis.
- Phosphorus acquisition: VAM is particularly important for plants in phosphorus-deficient soils. Phosphorus is essential for various plant processes, including energy transfer and nucleic acid synthesis. However, it often exists in soil in an insoluble form, making it difficult for plants to access. VAM fungi have the ability to solubilize and mobilize phosphorus, making it available to the host plant, even in low-phosphorus environments.
- Drought tolerance: VAM can improve a plant’s ability to cope with drought conditions. The extensive hyphal network of the fungi helps the plant to access water from a larger soil volume, enhancing its water uptake efficiency. This can be particularly beneficial in regions with water scarcity or during dry periods.
- Disease resistance: VAM can enhance a plant’s resistance to certain soil-borne pathogens. The mycorrhizal fungi can produce various substances that inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms or compete with them for resources in the rhizosphere.
- Soil structure and stability: The hyphal network of VAM fungi can improve soil structure by binding soil particles together, enhancing soil aggregation and stability. This can lead to better aeration and water retention in the soil, promoting overall soil health.
- Ecosystem functioning: VAM is essential for ecosystem functioning and nutrient cycling. The symbiotic relationship between plants and fungi contributes to the maintenance of biodiversity, productivity, and sustainability of natural ecosystems.
- Agricultural implications: In agriculture, VAM can be of significant importance as it can reduce the need for chemical fertilizers by enhancing nutrient uptake efficiency. This can lead to more sustainable and eco-friendly agricultural practices.
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