Course Content
Overview of agriculture, agronomy and crop classification
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Introduction
Green revolution
Negative impact of green revolution
Ecological agriculture/eco-farming
Sustainable agriculture
Soil less agriculture
Precision farming
Relation of Agronomy with Other Disciplines of Agricultural Sciences
Food security
Major key factors that influence future food production and consumption
Major problems of Nepalese Agriculture
Role of Agronomist in solving food problems
Classification of Crops
Weather and Climate
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Some terminologies
Major elements of climate
Effect of solar radiation
Cardinal temperature
Cardinal points of some common crops
Effect of temperature on plant processes
Growing degree day (GDD)
Precipitation and its effect on crop production
Land classification
Tillage
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Introduction
Objectives of Tillage
Soil tilth
Concept of Tillage
Types of Tillage:
Advantages and disadvantages of conventional tillage
Classification of tillage
Advantages and disadvantages of minimum tillage
Seed and seed quality
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Some terminologies
Quality seed
Characteristics of grain
Importance of quality seed
Different classes of seeds
Seed germination
Factors affecting germination
Seed Dormancy
Factors Causing Dormancy of Seed
Seed certification
Organization of certification
Minimum certification standard of maize seed
The cropping system
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Some terminologies
Desirable characteristics of intercropping
Advantages and disadvantages of intercropping
Some important formulas
Principles of crop rotation
Advantages of crop rotation
Soil fertility and soil productivity
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Some terminologies
Difference between soil fertility and soil productivity
Arnon’s criteria of essentiality of elements in plant nutrition
Essential plant nutrients
Classification of Plant Nutrients
Role of essential elements in the plant
Forms of nutrient elements used by plants
Organic manure
Function of organic manure
Classification of organic manures
Farm Yard Manure (FYM)
Reasons of getting small quantity of FYM in Nepalese situation
Compost
Vermicompost
Animal manures
Night soil
Sewage and sludge
Green Manures
Advantages and disadvantages of green manuring
Best quality of a green manuring crops
Fertilizers
Classification of fertilizers
Fertilizer grade
Nitrogenous fertilizers
Phosphatic fertilizers
Potassic Fertilizers
Bio-fertilizers
Advantages of bio-fertilizers
Types of Bio-fertilizers
Factors affecting manure and fertilizer application
Methods of Fertilizer and manure application
Recommendations for the intensive cropping system
Organic matter in relation to crop productivity
Inorganic fertilizers in relation to increase the productivity of soil
Weed Management
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Weed
Losses caused by weeds
Losses caused by aquatic weeds
Beneficial effects of weeds
Classification of weeds
Mode of weed seed dispersal
Methods of weed management
Benefit of herbicides
Limitation of herbicides
Irrigation, drainage and rainfed farming
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Role of water
Classification of water
Water requirements of crops
Factors influencing water requirements
Water use efficiency (WUE)
Irrigation
Objectives of irrigation
Principals of irrigation
System of irrigation
Surface irrigation system
Methods of surface irrigation
Sub surface method of irrigation
Drip irrigation method
Sprinkler irrigation method
Approaches for irrigation scheduling
Soil moisture depletion approach
Physical stage or critical stage approach
Irrigation scheduling based on calculations Or IW/CPE ratio approach
Can evaporimeter approach
Drainage
Objectives of drainage
Principles of drainage
Benefits of drainage
Causes of water logging
Effect of poor drainage
Types of drainage system
Agricultural drainage
Surface drainage system
Sub surface drainage
Methods of sub surface drainage system
Difference between dry land farming and rainfed farming
Importance of rainfed farming in Nepal
Management of rainfed agriculture
Conservation of water
Methods of water harvesting
Efficient use of conserved water through agronomic management
Soil Erosion
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Introduction
Types of soil erosion
Soil erosion based on causing agent
Factors affecting water erosion
Losses due to water erosion
Measures to control water erosion
Wind erosion
Mechanism of wind erosion
Losses due to wind erosion
Wind erosion control
Crop ideotype and crop density
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Some terminologies
Traits for ideotype
Effect of plant population on growth
Factors affecting optimum plant population
Planting patterns
Characteristics ideotype
Learn Principles of Agronomy — B.SC agriculture
About Lesson

Seed dormancy of the first flowering plants

  • Defined as the inactive period of seed embryo, during which growth slows or completely ceased.
  • During dormant period the growths of the seeds remain suspended and they are said to be in rest stage or dormant stage and this phenomenon is called as dormancy of seeds.


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