1) Crop rotation: It breaks the cycle of pests and diseases and helps maintain soil quality.

Year 1: Yams Year 2: Rice Year 3: Millet Year 4: Rice

2) Intercropping: Minimizes bare soil

Example; Maize – Cowpea

3) No-till agriculture: soil not disturbed, reduced erosion and soil moisture is preserved; soil nutrient retention

4) Contour farming: Growing crops perpendicular to slope or terrace prevents runoff!