1. Sources of resistance

➢ commercial cultivars,

➢ Germplasm collection screen

➢ Relative/related species through interspecific hybridization

➢ Mutation-spontaneous or induced

2. Screening technique for resistance

➢ by exposure to the disease pathogen under natural or artificial induced condition

3. Breeding techniques:

• The resistance gene must be transferred to an adapted cultivar by one of following ways

➢Backcross breeding method

➢Wide crosses

➢Recurrent selection

➢Genetic engineering

4. Progeny testing of resistant plants to verify the inherent nature of resistance