a) The extrachromosomal DNA follows a non-mendelian pattern of inheritance:

• Unlike the common nuclear DNA, genes present on organelle don’t follow the Mendelian style of Inheritance.
• It is a circular genome, lacking centromere and that’s why can’t segregate like the genomic DNA.

b) Their own machinery for protein synthesis:

• As these sub-genomes has their own machinery for replication, transcription and translation, it synthesizes their own DNA and makes their own protein.

c) Maternal inheritance:

• The extrachromosomal DNA is inherited from the maternal side.

d) lack of Mendelian segregation

e) Transmission of traits without transmission of nuclear genes.

f) Difference in the results of reciprocal crosses