Course Content
Overview: An over view of biotechnology – history, process and product
0/6
Some Terminologies
Introduction
Product of biotechnology
HISTORY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
Scope and importance of biotechnology
Other importance: –
Agriculture, Industrial, Environmental and Healthcare fields of biotechnology
0/8
Application of biotechnology
Application of environmental biotechnology
Difference between biotechnology and plant biotechnology
Principles of immunology
Scope and importance
Application of Health biotechnology
Application of agricultural biotechnology
SOMMON COMMON TERMINOLOGIES
Genetic engineering and gene cloning
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Introduction
Steps involved
Restriction enzyme
Types of restriction enzyme
Palindromes
GENE CLONING VECTORS
Properties of good vector
Cloning and expression vectors
Plasmid
Classes of plasmids
Effects of plasmid on host phenotype
Important characteristics of normally occurring plasmids
Cosmid
Phasmid
Phase vector
Transferring genes into plants and animal cells
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Agrobacterium tumefaciens: An important vector for genetic engineering
Transformation
Steps of transformation
Methods of transformation
Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation
Particle gun method
Microinjection method
Direct DNA uptake
Electroporation
Polyethylene glycol treatment
Application of genetic engineering
Transgene silencing
Solutions to overcoming transgene silencing
Cell and tissue culture
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Plant tissue culture
Types of plant tissue culture
Steps of plant tissue culture
Application of tissue culture
Meristem Culture
Steps of Meristem culture
Why meristem culture?
APPLICATION
Micropropagation
Objectives of micro propagation
Steps of micropropagation
ADVANTAGES
Problems encountered in micropropagation
Embryo culture
TYPES OF EMBRYO CULTURE
APPLICATION of embryo culture
ANTHER/POLLEN CULTURE
Basic steps of Anther/Pollen culture
Factors affecting anther culture
APPLICATION of Anther Culture
Protoplast culture
Method of protoplast isolation
Importance of protoplast isolation and culture
Callus culture
Phases of callus growth
Steps of callus culture
Suspension culture
Somatic hybridization
Procedure
Selection of hybrid cells
Culture of hybrid cells
Regeneration of plants from hybrid tissue
Cytoplasmic hybrid/Cybrid
Applications of somatic hybridization
Somaclonal variation
Types of somaclonal variation
Factors affecting somaclonal variation
Application of Somaclonal variation
others
Approaches to isolation of somaclonal variation
Wide hybridization
Objectives of wide hybridization
Types of wide hybridization
Distant hybridization
Techniques for production of distant hybrid
Barrier to production of distant hybrid
Methods of virus elimination ( or Production of disease-free plants)
Why meristem culture?
Virus indexing
Methods of virus indexing
Germplasm Conservation
Gene Pool
Animal biotechnology
The concept, aim and, scope of biodiversity
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Some Terminologies
Biodiversity
Aim of Biodiversity
Scope of Biodiversity
Diversity, classification, and nomenclature of cultivated plants, weeds, microbes, and insect-pests
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Introduction
Factors affecting biodiversity
Database
Indexing biodiversity
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Biodiversity indexing
Genetic erosion
Sampling technique for biodiversity indexing
Centers of diversity of crops and wild genetic diversity
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Center of origin
Causes of shifting of center of origin
Creation of variation
Conservation of biodiversity
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Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
Types of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
Patent requirements
Scope and Importance of Biodiversity
Concept of Biodiversity Conservation
Biodiversity Conservation strategies
Practice in Biodiversity Conservation
Advantages and Disadvantges of In Vitro storage
Learn introductory biotechnology and biodiversity with Braimy- B.Sc Agriculture
About Lesson

a) Failure of zygote development:

  • Lethal gene, chromosome elimination, incompatible cytoplasm, endosperm abortion.
  • Eg: Triticum + Secale —> Triticale

b) Failure of seedling development:

  • Complementary lethal gene
  • aestivum + T. dicoccum à Hybrid chlorosis à necotic hybrid.

c) Failure of zygote formation:

  • Pollen unable to reach embryo sac.
  • Pollen burst on other species.
  • Long style out short pollens.
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