Plant viruses have no resting stage and are transmitted through a continuous infection chain.

Phytopathogenic bacteria:

• The plant bacteria also do not produce resting spores or similar structures.
• They continuously live in their active parasitic stage in the living host or as active saprophytes on dead plant debris

Nematodes: They survive in the form of active parasitic phase on a living host and also survive through dormant structures, i.e., eggs, cysts, galls, formed in host tissues.

Phanerogamic parasites: They survive in dormant state for many years through seeds.

Ex; Seeds of Orobanchae survive in soil for more than 7 years.

Among plant pathogens, fungi are the only organisms that produce spores, analogous to eggs of nematodes, and other resting structures for their inactive survival.