Basal convention (5 May 1992):

• The Basel Convention is an international treaty that was designed to reduce the movements of hazardous waste between nations, and specifically to prevent transfer of hazardous waste from developed to less developed countries.
• It was adopted on 22 March 1989 by the Conference of Plenipotentiaries in Basel, Switzerland, and entered into force in 1992.
• The convention aims to protect human health and the environment against the adverse effects of hazardous wastes.

Rotterdam Convention (Feb 2004):

• The Rotterdam Convention is a legally binding multilateral environmental agreement that aims to protect human health and the environment from potential harm caused by certain hazardous chemicals and pesticides in international trade.
• The convention entered into force on 24 February 2004 and has 161 parties as of December 2021.
• The convention operates on the basis of a prior informed consent (PIC) procedure, which means that importers and exporters of listed chemicals must communicate and agree on the terms and conditions of their trade.
• The convention also facilitates the exchange of information and technical assistance among parties.

c. Stockholm Convention (May 2004):

• The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) is an international environmental treaty that aims to protect human health and the environment from the effects of POPs.
• POPs are toxic chemicals that can accumulate in living organisms and travel long distances through air and water. They have been linked to cancer, damage to the nervous system, reproductive disorders, and weakening of the immune system.
• The Convention was signed on 22 May 2001 in Stockholm and entered into force on 17 May 2004.
• It currently regulates 29 POPs and requires parties to adopt measures to reduce or eliminate their production, use, trade, release and disposal. The European Union is a party to the Convention.