Favorable condition:

• Cool and moist climate is especially favorable for the development of this nematode.
• A film of moisture must be present when the young wheat plants are developing; otherwise, the very active larval nematodes cannot travel from the soil to the growing point of the seedling.

Survive and spread:

• Contaminated seed and contaminated soil.
• Primary source of inoculum: galled grains, which remain in the field at harvest or planted with the seed. Losses as high as 30- 70%.
• Secondary spread: no secondary spread has been reported.