Disease cycle

Management:

• Remove infected seeds, panicles, and plant debris after harvest.
• Reduce humidity levels through alternate wetting and drying (AWD) rather than permanently flooding the fields
• Treat seeds at 52°C for 10 min.
• Spray copper oxychloride@0.3% or carbendazim@0.1% at panicle emergence
• At tillering and preflowering stage spray hexaconazole @1ml/l, chlorathalonile @2g/l, copper based fungicide are effective.