Prokaryotic cell

Eukaryotic cell

1.

 Nucleus is primitive and incipient.

1.

Nucleus is well developed and advanced.

2.

 DNA is circular and non-histone type means it lacks protein association and in a tangled mass, called Nucleoid.

2.

DNA is histone type.

3.

All membrane bound structure such as chloroplasts, mitochondria, Golgi complex, ER, vacuoles etc. are absent.

3.

Membrane bounded structures are present.

4.

Cell wall contains amino sugars and muramic acid.

4.

Amino sugar and muramic acids are absent in cell wall.

5.

Cyclosis is not observed.

5.

Cyclosis can be observed.

6.

In auto tropic forms photosynthetic pigments are found associated with lamellae but not enclosed in membrane.

6.

Lamellae are enclosed in two unit membrane called chloroplast.

7.

Flagella don’t show 9+2 fibrin arrangements. These are hollow and tubular.

7.

Flagella show 9+2 arrangements where flagellum comprisesof 2 central and 9 peripheral fibrins.

8.

Mesosomes are present.

8.

 Instead of mesosomes, mitochondria are present.

9.

Cell wall and cell membrane have intricate contact and these don’t fully separate during plasmolysis.

9.

Cell wall and cell membrane are differentiated and show complete shrinkage during plasmolysis.

10.

RNA plays major role in condensation of DNA forming genophore.

10.

 Proteins (histones & haritones) play major role in condensation of DNA forming chromatids and chromosomes.

11.

During transcription, a single type of RNA polymerase is formed.

11.

 During transcription three types of RNA polymerase are formed.

12.

Presence of ‘nif’ genes.

12.

 Absence of ‘nif’ genes.